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Lung cancer among nonsmokers is an important cause of morbidity
and mortality. Multiple carcinogens have been identified
as contributing to the total public health burden of lung cancer.
No single carcinogenic exposure accounts for a significant
burden of lung cancer among individuals who have not been
exposed to tobacco smoke. Although a large body of literature
has identified a spectrum of respirable exposures significantly
associated with the development of lung cancer in exposed populations,
proving a causal link between an exposure and a case
of lung cancer in an individual nonsmoker is challenging.
Reducing exposure to carcinogens through engineering
controls, production substitution, and personal respiratory
protection remains the principal mechanism for reducing occupational
lung cancer risk. Environmental controls are relevant
in any setting where pulmonary carcinogens may be encountered.
If ongoing exposures are of concern, an investigation of
the workplace or home environment is critical. If a potential
carcinogen is discovered in either setting, trained contractors
may be required to assist with clean up. Claims of past or ongoing
occupational exposure to pulmonary carcinogens, such
as asbestos or uranium, among individuals with lung cancer
may be compensable.