Viral factors
human papillomavirus ( hpv ) might play a role within the development
of lung cancer. in lung cancer, one study reported that
female lung cancer patients who were never-smokers and older
than sixty years of age had the next prevalence of infection with
hpv-16 and hpv-18. sixty, 61 but, different studies don't have anyt
demonstrated this same result in similar populations. 62
diet, radon, occupational exposures,
and preexisting lung disease
sex differences don't have anyt been well studied concerning the risk of
developing lung cancer connected to occupational exposures independent
of smoking ( asbestosis, radiation, and different chemicals ),
diet, and radon. in one study of never-smoking girls,
researchers found that girls exposed to asbestos ( or three. five ;
95% ci, one. two to ten ) and pesticides ( or two. four ; 95% ci, one. one to
five. six ) had a rised risk for developing lung cancer. 63 drycleaning
workers were additionally found to own an elevated risk ( or
one. eight ; 95% ci, one. one to three. zero ). exposure to radiation within the workplace
or for treatment of different malignancies has been linked to
the event of lung cancer. a recent study reported that
breast cancer radiotherapy increased the risk of developing lung
cancer notably in smokers. adjusted or for smokers who
received postmastectomy radiation was eighteen. nine ( 95% ci, seven. nine to
45. four ). nonsmokers during this study, who received postmastectomy
radiation, failed to have a rised risk for the event
of lung cancer. 64
exposure to high levels of radon could be also related to an
increased risk for developing lung cancer notably in smokers
or those with exposure to secondhand smoke. sixty five bonner et
al. 66 studied girls pooled from many case-control studies
that measured exposure to secondhand smoke and radon. the
researchers additionally checked out the gstm1 standing of the person and
found that in people exposed to residential radon who had
gstm1 null genotype, the risk of lung cancer was threefold
higher than gstm1 carriers ( or three. forty one ; 95% ci, one. ten to
ten. 61 ) even when adjusting for age, smoking standing, and secondhand
smoke exposure. in case-control and cohort studies,
high dietary intake of fruits and vegetables decrease the risk of
developing lung cancer. 67 of the fruits and vegetables studied,
tomatoes and cruciferous are related to decreased
risk for lung cancer. 68–70
different potential risk factors for lung cancer embody preexisting
lung diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
diseases. many case-control studies demonstrate an
increased risk for developing lung cancer in each men and women
affected of those lung diseases. 71 even when controlling for active
and passive tobacco exposure, a few studies show a rised
risk for lung cancer. 72 wu et al. 73 studied nonsmoking women
with previous lung disease and demonstrated a rised risk for
lung cancer ( adjusted or one. 56 ; 95% ci, one. two to two. zero ).
human papillomavirus ( hpv ) might play a role within the development
of lung cancer. in lung cancer, one study reported that
female lung cancer patients who were never-smokers and older
than sixty years of age had the next prevalence of infection with
hpv-16 and hpv-18. sixty, 61 but, different studies don't have anyt
demonstrated this same result in similar populations. 62
diet, radon, occupational exposures,
and preexisting lung disease
sex differences don't have anyt been well studied concerning the risk of
developing lung cancer connected to occupational exposures independent
of smoking ( asbestosis, radiation, and different chemicals ),
diet, and radon. in one study of never-smoking girls,
researchers found that girls exposed to asbestos ( or three. five ;
95% ci, one. two to ten ) and pesticides ( or two. four ; 95% ci, one. one to
five. six ) had a rised risk for developing lung cancer. 63 drycleaning
workers were additionally found to own an elevated risk ( or
one. eight ; 95% ci, one. one to three. zero ). exposure to radiation within the workplace
or for treatment of different malignancies has been linked to
the event of lung cancer. a recent study reported that
breast cancer radiotherapy increased the risk of developing lung
cancer notably in smokers. adjusted or for smokers who
received postmastectomy radiation was eighteen. nine ( 95% ci, seven. nine to
45. four ). nonsmokers during this study, who received postmastectomy
radiation, failed to have a rised risk for the event
of lung cancer. 64
exposure to high levels of radon could be also related to an
increased risk for developing lung cancer notably in smokers
or those with exposure to secondhand smoke. sixty five bonner et
al. 66 studied girls pooled from many case-control studies
that measured exposure to secondhand smoke and radon. the
researchers additionally checked out the gstm1 standing of the person and
found that in people exposed to residential radon who had
gstm1 null genotype, the risk of lung cancer was threefold
higher than gstm1 carriers ( or three. forty one ; 95% ci, one. ten to
ten. 61 ) even when adjusting for age, smoking standing, and secondhand
smoke exposure. in case-control and cohort studies,
high dietary intake of fruits and vegetables decrease the risk of
developing lung cancer. 67 of the fruits and vegetables studied,
tomatoes and cruciferous are related to decreased
risk for lung cancer. 68–70
different potential risk factors for lung cancer embody preexisting
lung diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
diseases. many case-control studies demonstrate an
increased risk for developing lung cancer in each men and women
affected of those lung diseases. 71 even when controlling for active
and passive tobacco exposure, a few studies show a rised
risk for lung cancer. 72 wu et al. 73 studied nonsmoking women
with previous lung disease and demonstrated a rised risk for
lung cancer ( adjusted or one. 56 ; 95% ci, one. two to two. zero ).
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