Ablational therapies, endoscopic, 893,
896–899
brachytherapy, 898
cryotherapy, 898
electron cautery and argon plasma
coagulation, 896–897
laser therapy, 897
photodynamic therapy, 897–898, 897f
rigid bronchoscopy, 896, 896f
role of, 896
Accelerated fractionation (AF), 573
Accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy,
573–574
Accelerated radiotherapy, 573–574
Accelerated repopulation, 574
Acetylation, histone, 106
Acinus, 601
Active breathing control (ABC), 555
Acute lung injury, 252
Adaptive immunity, 174
Adaptive radiotherapy, for stage IIIA/IIIB
lung cancer, 585
Adenocarcinoma. See also specific types
desmoplasia in, 305
epidemiology of, 243, 418
fine-needle aspiration cytology of,
243–246, 244f
in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma,
243–245, 244f
differential diagnosis from, 245–246
histologic features of, 243
immunohistochemistry in, 245
in non-bronchioloalveolar carcinoma,
244f, 245
histogenesis of, 308–309
inflammatory reactions in, 173
invasive, molecular and cellular
pathology of
cytology in, 305–306, 305f
diagnostic immunohistochemistry in,
306, 306f
gene mutations in, 306–308
high-throughput gene expression arrays
in, 308
high-throughput mutation analysis in,
308
histogenesis of central airway adenocarcinoma
and, 308–309
histology in, 304f, 305
molecular changes in, 308, 308f
molecular pathology in, 306
localization of, 257
mixed subtype, 304, 468
therapeutic resistance of, with EGFR
receptor mutations, 164–165
world trends in, 30, 30f, 31f
Adeno CRE virus, 184–185, 184t
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, fine-needle
aspiration cytology of, 249–250
Adenoma, bronchial, 302–305, 971. See also
Atypical adenomatous
hyperplasia (AAH)
Adenomatosis, 303
Adenomatous, 303
Adjuvant chemotherapy. See also specific
agents and cancers
for completely resected NSCLC, 777–788
background on, 777–779
early studies of, 779–780
in elderly, 784–785
genetic predictive and prognostic
factors in, 786–787
limited value of, 787, 787f
oral agents for, studies of, 783–784
platinum-based trials of, recent,
780–783, 780t, 783t
systemic reviews and metaanalysis of,
784, 784t, 785f
targeted therapy in, 785–786
for limited-stage SCLC, with thoracic
irradiation, 869
for malignant mesothelioma, 953
plus resection/surgery
for malignant mesothelioma, 952–953
for NSCLC stage II, 479
for NSCLC stage III, 580
for SCLC, 525–526, 525t, 526t
for thymomas, locally advanced, 937
Adjuvant radiotherapy. See also
Chemoradiotherapy,
concurrent
for limited-stage SCLC, with combination
chemotherapy, 869–870
rationale for, 778
role for, 778–779
for stage IIIA/IIIB NSCLC, completely
resected, 580–581
for thymoma and thymic carcinoma
after surgery, 936–937
locally advanced, 937
Adrenal gland metastases
evaluation and surgical management of,
504–505
of NSCLC, 332
AEE788, plus radiotherapy, 199
AE-941, plus radiation, 770
Aero pulmonary stent, 895
AG-013736 (axitinib), 704t, 708–709
Age
on CNS metastases in NSCLC, 837–838
on lung cancer incidence, 3, 4f, 4t
Air leaks, prolonged, postoperative,
539–540
Air pollution, lung cancer from, 8–9
Air space disease, in bronchioloalveolar
carcinoma, 369, 372f
Air space, residual, postoperative, 539–540
Airway abnormalities, epigenetic, in lung
field carcinogenesis, 276
Airway complications, postoperative,
535–537
bronchopleural fistula, 535–537, 536f
lobar torsion, 535
postpneumonectomy syndrome, 537
sputum retention, 535
Airway stents. See Stents, airway
A/J mouse strain, 180
AKT, 64
Akt, 739
Akt inhibitors, 743
Alleles of small effect, association of, 53–54
Allelic variants, 47
Allogeneic tumor vaccines, 753
_/_ ratio, 570–571, 571f
_(II) collagen prolyl-4-hydroxylase
[_(II)PH], 122
_(1,3)-galactosyltransferase, 755t, 756t, 760
_-tocopherol, as chemoprevention, 13,
277–279, 278t
Alveolitis, 604
Alveolitis, neutrophil, 173
American Joint Committee on Cancer
(AJCC), 437, 439. See also
TNM system
AMG-102, 743–744
AMG-479, 740
AMG 706 (motesanib), 708
Amine precursor uptake and
decarboxylation (APUD), 973
Amirubicin
for limited-stage SCLC, 876
for SCLC, 847, 848t
Amplification, 60t
Anemia
in NSCLC, 336
in SCLC, 348
Angiogenesis, 113, 171–172
agents against ( See Antiangiogenic agents;
specific agents )
cellular niches in, 116, 116f
evaluation of, 114–115
Aurora kinase inhibitors plus radiotherapy,
on cell cycle, 194t, 196
Aurora kinases, 194t, 196, 745
Autoantibodies, in blood, 267
Autocrine stimulation, 609
Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB)
for diagnosis and evaluation, 419
for early detection, 266
Autofluorescence reflectance bronchoscopy,
for early detection, 257–259,
258t, 259f
Autologous tumor cell vaccines, 753
Autonomic neuropathy, in SCLC, 347
Autotaxin (ATX), 200
Axitinib (AG-013736), 704t, 708–709
AZD2171 (cediranib), 704t, 707
for malignant mesothelioma, 955
plus radiotherapy, 198, 198t, 770
AZD-6244 (ARRY-142886), 744
Azzopardi effect, 298
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