Narrow-band imaging (NBI), for early
detection, 260
Natural killer (NK) cells, 118, 171
Negative predictive value (NPV)
definition of, 426
of percutaneous biopsies with NSCLC, 377
NELSON trial, 233–239
design of, 233–235
overview, 233
participant selection, 233–235
power and required sample size, 235
recruitment, 233, 234f, 235t, 236t
NELSON Management System (NMS)
in, 236–238
baseline screen protocol, 237–238, 237t
image reading, 236–237
screens, 236
NODCAT 4 and GROWCAT C nodule
management in, 239, 239t
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy. See also specific
cancers and therapies
for early-stage NSCLC, 791–797
background on, 791
early studies on, 791–792
rationale for, 791
recent evidence on, 793–795, 794t, 795f
surgical morbidity and mortality after,
792–793
systematic reviews and metaanalysis of,
795–796, 796f, 796t
for malignant mesothelioma, 953
rationale for, 791
for thymomas, locally advanced, 937
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy. See also specific
cancers and therapies
for thymomas, locally advanced, 937
Nephrotic syndrome
in NSCLC, 334t
in SCLC, 348
Nerve injury, during lung cancer surgery,
534
Nerve sheath tumors, posterior mediastinal,
968–969
Neuroendocrine neoplasms/tumors, 300,
972. See also specific types
fine-needle aspiration cytology of,
246–249
carcinoids, 246–248 ( See also Carcinoid
tumors)
combined small cell carcinoma, 249
large cell carcinoma, 249
large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 249
small cell carcinoma, 248–249, 248f
types of, 972–973
Neuroendocrine tumor hypothesis,
301–302
Neurofibromas, posterior mediastinal,
968–969
Neurogenic tumors, posterior mediastinal,
968–969
Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes
in NSCLC, 334t, 336
in SCLC, 346t, 347–348
Neuromyotonia, in SCLC, 347
Neuropilin-1, 121
Neutrophil alveolitis, 173
Neutrophils, in lung cancer, 173
N-factor, 407, 408
NF2 gene, in malignant mesothelioma, 947
NF-kB activation, in urethane-induced lung
carcinogenesis, 180
Nickel, lung cancer from, 10, 11t–12t, 38
Nitric oxide, 124
NKX2-1 (TITF1), 52, 64–65, 86
Nodal gross tumor volume (GTV-N), 551
NODCAT 4 nodule management, 239, 239t
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, in
NSCLC, 337
Nonneoplastic lung diseases. See also specific
diseases
on lung cancer incidence, 14–15, 16t–18t
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
(NSGCT), mediastinal, 965
Non–small cell carcinoma, 243
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 297.
See also specific topics, stages,
and treatments
cancer stem cell hypothesis in, 164–165
classification of, 59, 164
clinical presentation of, 327–337
advanced disease with, 327
with extrathoracic spread, 332–333
with local disease, 327–329
chest pain, 328–329
cough, 327–328
dyspnea, 329, 329t
hemoptysis, 328
overview of, 327, 328t
pneumonia, 329
wheezing, 329
with locally advanced disease,
330–332
dysphagia, 330
lymphangitic spread, 331–332
Pancoast syndrome, 331
pericardial effusion, 331
phrenic nerve paralysis, 330
pleural effusion, 331
stridor, 330
superior vena cava syndrome,
330–331
paraneoplastic syndromes in, 333–337
( See also Paraneoplastic
syndromes, in NSCLC)
stage in, 645
variations in, 327
EGFR receptor mutations in, therapeutic
resistance of adenocarcinomas
with, 164–165
genetic alterations in, 59, 60t–61t
lymphatic spread of, 551
nonangiogenesis variant of, 126–127
overview of, 164
stage II ( See also Surgical management, of
NSCLC stage II)
evaluation and staging of
bronchoscopy in, 475
clinical presentation in, 474
endobronchial ultrasound in, 475
esophageal ultrasound in, 475
imaging in, 474
mediastinoscopy in, 475
overview of, 473
surgical treatment of, 475–479
( See also Surgical management,
of NSCLC stage II)
TNM classification of, 473
stage IIIB
factors in prognosis with, 822, 822t
heterogeneity of patients with,
821–822
staging of ( See also Staging)
pathological, 311, 312t, 313t
subsets in, for stage III, 579
stem cells in, 165
survival with, 165
vertebral extension of, 491 ( See also
Vertebral body resection)
INDEX 999
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
treatment. See also specific
treatments
chemotherapy
with advanced disease, 645–662
( See also Chemotherapy, for
NSCLC, advanced)
with recurrent/refractory advanced
disease, 669–680 ( See also
Chemotherapy, for NSCLC,
recurrent/refractory)
for stage IIIB, 821–834
chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in
biological rationale of, 825–826
sequential approaches to, 826–827, 826t
combined modality trials on, 821
concurrent chemoradiotherapy in,
827–831
biological rationale of, 827
vs. sequential chemoradiotherapy,
829–830, 829t
single-agent carboplatin in, 828t, 829
single-agent cisplatinum in, 827–828,
828t
as systemic control, 830–831, 831t
toxicity profiles of, 830
future directions in, 833–834
higher radiation doses or alternative
fractionation after induction
therapy in, 832t, 833, 833t
induction chemotherapy prior to
definitive chemoradiotherapy
for systemic control in,
833-834,834t, 831
molecular-targeted agents in, 833–834,
833t
radiation as single modality in, 825
subsets and risk groups in, diagnostic
investigations on, 822–823
surgical indications in, in
multimodality protocols,
823–825, 823t, 824f, 825f
Nonsquamous atypias of respiratory
mucosa, 289
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
on colorectal cancer risk, 175
on lung cancer risk, 216
Nontobacco-related carcinogenesis. See
Carcinogenesis, nontobaccorelated
Normal-tissue complication probability
(NTCP), 559
notch mutation, in mesothelioma, 311
Notch signaling pathway, 66, 68f
NS-398, plus radiotherapy, 198t
NTCP model, Lyman, 622–624, 623f
Nuclear molding, 298, 298f
Nucleotide excision repair (NER), molecular
mechanisms of, 684, 684f
Nutrition, 14, 215. See also Diet
O
Oat cell sarcoma, 297, 298. See also Small
cell lung cancer (SCLC)
Oblimersen (G3139), for SCLC, 856, 856t
Occupational respiratory carcinogens. See
also specific carcinogens
gender on lung cancer from, 356
lung cancer from, 9–10, 11t–12t
Oil, mineral, lung cancer from, 37–38
Oligonucleotide-based arrays, 77
Oncogene amnesia, 86–87
Oncogenes, 52, 60t, 62–65, 63f. See also
specific oncogenes and cancers
EML4-ALK fusion proteins, 65
lineage-dependent, 64–65
in malignant mesothelioma, 946
NKX2-1 (TITF1), 52, 64–65
Oncogenic addiction, 62, 86
Oncogenic alterations, 60t
Oncogenic pathways. See also specific
pathways and therapies
targeted therapies for, 66, 67t
Oncology recapitulating ontogeny, 86
OPCML hypermethylation, 106
Opioids, for dyspnea in NSCLC, 328
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), for
early detection, 259–260, 259f
Optical monitoring, of point, 562f, 563
Organizing pneumonia, 468
Orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer,
181–183, 182f
Overdiagnosis bias, 288
Overdiagnosis, screening and, 227, 228
Oxaliplatin, for malignant mesothelioma,
953
P
p16
as Cdk inhibitor, 193
in molecular prognostication, 148
in small cell lung carcinoma, 299
in squamous carcinoma, 295–296, 295t
p21
as Cdk inhibitor, 192–193
in molecular prognostication, 148
p27
as Cdk inhibitor, 193
in molecular prognostication, 148–149
as predictor for platinum resistance, 687t
Pacemakers, radiofrequency ablation and,
518–519
Paclitaxel
for advanced NSCLC, 646–647,
646t–648t
biomarkers for resistance to, 688
mechanism of action of, 688
plus radiotherapy on cell cycle, 194t,
195–196
for SCLC, 847, 848t
Palliative thoracic radiation, 560–561
Palmaz stent, 894f, 895
Pan-CK, in invasive squamous carcinoma,
294
Pancoast syndrome, in NSCLC, 331
Pancoast tumors, 491
clinical presentation and diagnosis of,
479–480, 480f
histology of, 481–482
historical background on, 479
staging of, 480–481, 480t, 481f
treatment of
advances in, 488
multimodality, 482–483, 483f
surgical, 483–488
anterior approach in, 485–486, 486f
extent of resection and reconstruction
in, 487
posterior approach in, 483–485,
483f–485f
postoperative morbidity and
mortality in, 487, 488t
Paracrine stimulation, 609
Parallel structures, 592
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
(PCD), in SCLC, 347
Paraneoplastic syndromes
in NSCLC, 333–337
cachexia, 333
ectopic Cushing syndrome, 335
fundamentals and overview, 333,
334t
hematologic, 336
hypercalcemia, 333–335
mucocutaneous, 336, 336t
musculoskeletal, 336
neurologic, 336
other endocrinologic, 335
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone, 335
vascular, 336–337
in SCLC, 345–348
dermatologic, 346t, 348
endocrinologic, 346–347
general features of, 346
hematologic, 346t, 348
musculoskeletal, 346t, 348
neurologic, 346t, 347–348
overview of, 345, 346t
renal, 348
in thymoma and thymic carcinoma,
931–932, 931t, 932t, 939
Parasitic infections, pulmonary, 252
Parenchymal complications, postoperative,
537–539
pneumonia, 537–539
pulmonary edema, 537, 538f
Participation rate, required, 234
p14, as Cdk inhibitor, 193
p53, as predictor for platinum resistance,
687t
Pathologic staging, 426. See also Staging
1000 INDEX
Pathology, molecular and cellular, 287–315.
See also specific cancers
of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia,
302–303, 302f
bronchial biopsies in, 293–294
of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 303–305,
304f
of carcinoid, bronchial
atypical, 300, 300f
typical, 300, 300f
cell of origin in, 301–302
of central bronchi tumors, predominantly,
287–288, 288f
of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary
neuroendocrine cell
hyperplasia, 302
history of, 287
of invasive adenocarcinoma, 305–309
( See also Adenocarcinoma, invasive,
molecular and cellular
pathology of )
of large cell lung carcinoma, 296–297,
296f
of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma,
300–302, 300f
of mesothelioma, 309–311, 309f
of micrometastatic disease, 311–313
of mixed small cell and non–small cell
carcinoma, 299–300
in molecular staging, 313
neuroendocrine tumor hypothesis and,
301–302
of non–small cell lung carcinoma variants,
uncommon, 297
pathology report for, 313, 313t
peripheral lung adenocarcinoma origin
and, 302–303
of small cell lung carcinoma, 297–299,
298f
CDKN2A (p16) in, 299
cell cycle genes in, 299
cytology in, 298, 298f
diagnostic immunohistochemistry in,
298–299, 298f
gene expression profiles in, 299
histology in, 298, 298f
history of, 297–298
molecular pathology in, 295t, 299
TP53 in, 299
of squamous carcinoma
histology in, 292–293, 292t, 293f
invasive, diagnostic immunohistochemistry
of, 294–295, 294t
molecular pathology in, 295–296, 295t
squamous dysplasia histology in, 288–292
angiogenic squamous dysplasia in, 289,
289f
chronological cellular changes in, 289,
289f
immunohistochemical changes in bronchial
dysplasia in, 289–290
in invasive squamous carcinoma of
bronchus, 291–292, 291t
preneoplasia genetics in, 290–291, 290f,
291f
technical advances in, 288–289
WHO classification of, 289, 289f
for staging, 311, 312t, 313t
Pathology report, 313, 313t
Pazopanib, 709
p16 CDKN2A methylation, 155
PCK5/6, in invasive squamous carcinoma,
294–295, 294t
PD0325901, 744
PDGF. See Platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF)
Pemetrexed
for malignant mesothelioma, 953, 954
for NSCLC, recurrent/refractory, 672–674,
673f
for SCLC, 847, 848t
for SCLC, limited-stage, 876
Percutaneous ablation, results of, 218–219
Percutaneous image-guided ablation for
NSCLC, 510–519
clinical results of
combination ablation and radiotherapy,
514
cryoablation, 514
microwave ablation, 513–514
overview, 512
radiofrequency ablation, 512–513
imaging features after, 514–517,
515f–517f
imaging features post-RFA in, 514–517,
515f–518f
mechanisms of, 510–511
techniques for
cryoablation, 512
microwave ablation, 512
radiofrequency ablation, 511–512, 511f
Percutaneous therapies, for medically inoperable
lung cancer, 509–519
historical background on, 509
percutaneous image-guided ablation for
NSCLC, 510–519 ( See also
Percutaneous image-guided
ablation)
sublobar resection and intraoperative
brachytherapy, 509–510, 510f
Pericardial cysts, 968, 968f
Pericardial effusion, in NSCLC, 331
Pericyte coverage, 116, 116f
Pericytes, 113
Peripheral airway lesions, 302
Peripheral neuropathy, in SCLC, 347
PET/CT, 403
for defining nodal target volumes, 582,
582t
for NSCLC stage II evaluation and
staging, 474
for staging, initial, 418
PF-02341066, 744
p15 gene, in malignant mesothelioma, 946
p16 gene, in malignant mesothelioma, 946
PHA-680632, plus radiotherapy on cell
cycle, 194t, 196
Pharmacogenics
as biomarkers for chemotherapy, 683–690
background on, 683–684, 684f
biomarkers for antimitotic drugs in, 688
future directions in, 689–690
host-related factors in, 689
multiparameter models and gene signatures
in, 688–689
tumor-related factors in, 684–688
BRCA1, 686–687, 687f, 687t
ERCC1, 684–685, 684f–686f, 687t
p27, 687t
p53, 687t
for platinum resistance, 684–688,
684f–686f, 687t
RRM1 in, 684f–686f, 685–686, 687t
history of, 683
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, 745
Phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (IGFR/PI3K)
pathway, 739
Phosphodiesterase I_, 200
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), ablational,
897–898, 897f
Photoelectric effect, 570f
Phrenic nerve paralysis, in NSCLC, 330
Physical–biological interactions, in radiotherapy,
569, 570f
PIGF, 125t, 126
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, 197
PI3K/AKT pathway, 63f, 64
PI3K–PTEN-AKT signaling pathway, 86,
739
Pimonidazole, 115
p63, in invasive squamous carcinoma, 294t,
295
p16 INK4A , in molecular prognostication,
148
p53, in molecular prognostication, 147–148
Pipe smoking
lung cancer from, 7
smoke content in, 7
Planning target volume (PTV)
determination of, 552, 552f, 553f
individualized, for stage IIIA/IIIB lung
NSCLC, 582
in stereotactic body radiotherapy, 593
with 3D CRT, 556
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), 123,
125t
in angiogenesis, 695
in molecular prognostication, 149
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
pathway, 116, 123, 125t
Platelet endothelial cell–cell adhesion
molecule–1 (PECAM-1), 123
Platinum agents. See specific agents
INDEX 1001
Platinum resistance, biomarkers for,
684–688, 684f–686f, 687t
Pleomorphic adenoma, fine-needle aspiration
cytology of, 250
Pleomorphic carcinomas, molecular and
cellular pathology of, 297
Pleural catheter, chronic indwelling, for
malignant pleural effusion,
907, 907f
Pleural effusion
after radiofrequency ablation, 517
in NSCLC, 331
Pleural effusion, malignant, 901–908
diagnosis of, 902
diagnostic thoracentesis and pleural fluid
analysis in, 903–904, 903t
incidence of, 901
in NSCLC, 901
pathogenesis of, 901–902, 902f
radiographic imaging of, 902–903
symptoms in, 901
treatment of, 904–908
chest tube drainage alone in, 904, 905f
chronic indwelling pleural catheter in,
907, 907f
goal of, 904
observation in, 904
options in, 904
pleurectomy in, 908
pleurodesis in, 904–907 ( See also
Pleurodesis, for malignant
pleural effusion)
pleuroperitoneal shunt in, 908
serial thoracentesis in, 904
Pleural fluid analysis, for malignant pleural
effusion, 903–904, 903t
Pleural invasion, CT for evaluation of, 378,
379f
Pleural space complications, postoperative,
539–541
chylothorax, 540–541
postresection empyema, 540
residual air space and prolonged air leaks,
539–540
Pleurectomy, for malignant pleural effusion,
908
Pleurisy, after radiofrequency ablation, 517
Pleurodesis, for malignant pleural effusion,
904–907
goal of, 905
patient selection for, 904–905, 905f
procedure for, 905
sclerosing agents for, 905–906, 905t
VATS, 905
VATS vs. bedside, 906–907, 906t
Pleuroperitoneal shunt, for malignant
pleural effusion, 908
PLX-4032, 744
p53 mutations, 193
in genetic mouse models of lung cancer, 183
lung cancer risk with, 50–51
Pneumocystic pneumonia infection,
pulmonary, 252
Pneumocytes, type II, vs. malignancy, 253
Pneumonectomy for NSCLC stage II, 477
Pneumonia
lipoid, 253
in NSCLC, 329
organizing, 468
postoperative, 537–539
vs. tumor, CT differentiation of, 383
Pneumonitis, 604
radiation, 602–604, 603f ( See also
Radiotherapy-related lung
damage)
sporadic radiation, 606–607
Pneumothoraces, after radiofrequency
ablation, 517–518
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
lung cancer from, 10, 12t
Polyflex airway stent, 894, 895f–897f
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based
assays of lung tissue, for early
detection, 266
Polymorphisms, 53–54
Polymyositis
in NSCLC, 336
in SCLC, 348
PolySA vaccine, 761t, 762
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), lung cancer from,
10, 12t, 40
Popcorn calcification, 246
Population-based lung cancer prevention.
See Prevention, populationbased
Population-based screening, 214
Positive predictive value (PPV), definition
of, 426
Positron emission tomography (PET),
403–413
basic principles and technical aspects of,
403–404
on clinical practice and recommendations,
407f, 412–413, 412f, 413f
for defining nodal target volumes, 582,
582t
for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and
masses, 404f, 406–407, 406f,
407f
for diagnostic workup of NSCLC, 777
FDG, 403–404
for follow-up after therapy, 412
future technical developments in, 413
interpretation of, 403–406, 404f, 405t
false-negatives in, 404–406, 405t
false-positives in, 405t, 406
FDG uptake and, 404
for lung cancer staging, 407–409,
408f–410f, 408t
for NSCLC stage II evaluation and staging,
474
prognostic value of, 409–410
for radiotherapy planning, 411–412, 411f
for SCLC staging, 868
on target delineation in, 552–554, 554f
for therapeutic response evaluation,
410–411, 410t, 411f
Positron emission tomography with computed
tomography (PET/CT), 403
for defining nodal target volumes, 582, 582t
for NSCLC stage II evaluation and
staging, 474
for staging, initial, 418
Postoperative pneumonia, 537–539
Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). See
also Adjuvant radiotherapy;
Chemoradiotherapy, concurrent
for stage III NSCLC, 580–581
Postoperative surgical complications,
531–544. See also Surgical
complications, postoperative
airway, 535–537
cardiovascular, 541–544
pleural space, 539–541
in vertebral body resection, 496–497, 496t
Postpneumonectomy syndrome, 537
Postresection empyema, 540
Postresection pulmonary edema, 537, 538f
p53 pathway, 65
Pralatrexate, for malignant mesothelioma,
953–954
Precursor lesions, central airway, 287–288
Preexisting lung disease, gender on lung
cancer from, 356
Premalignancy reversal, 278–279, 279t
Preneoplastic lesions
bronchoscopic diagnosis and evaluation
of, 419
genetics of, 290–291, 290f, 291f
localization of, challenges in, 257
molecular biology of, 59
Preoperative chemotherapy. See
Chemotherapy, preoperative,
for early-stage NSCLC; specific
therapies
Preoperative chemotherapy/radiotherapy,
for early-stage and locally
advanced NSCLC. See
Chemotherapy/radiation, preoperative,
for early-stage and
locally advanced NSCLC
Preoperative spirometry, 533
Preotomic-based markers, in blood, 267
Prevalence, 288
Prevention. See also Chemoprevention;
specific cancers
of lung field carcinogenesis, 277–281
basis of clinical strategies in, 277
clinical chemoprevention trials for, 277,
277t
future strategies in, 280–281
premalignancy reversal or secondary
prevention in, 278–279, 279t
1002 INDEX
primary chemoprevention studies in,
277–278, 278t
secondary primary tumor prevention in,
279–280, 279t
population-based, 211–220
chemoprevention in, 214–217 ( See also
Chemoprevention)
early detection in, 211
secondary prevention in, 217–220
biomarkers in, 219–220
gene therapy in, 219
radiology screening in, 217–219
smoking cessation in, 211–214 ( See also
Smoking cessation)
secondary, 278–279, 279t
secondary primary tumor, 279–280, 279t
Primary gross tumor volume (GTV-P), 551
Primary lung cancers. See also specific types
multiple, 499 ( See also Synchronous
pulmonary tumors)
diagnostic criteria for, 499, 500t
incidence of, 499, 500t
second, surgical management of, 499–505
( See also Second primary lung
cancer surgical management)
Primary salivary gland-type neoplasms, fineneedle
aspiration cytology of,
249–250
Pri-miRNAs, 156
Proangiogenic factors, 113, 114t
Proangiogenic molecules, 695
Prodrug, radiotherapy as, 549
Progesterone receptors, 360
Prognosis. See also specific cancers
gender on
in advanced disease, 362–364, 362t
plus chemotherapy, 362–363, 362t
with SCLC, 364
with targeted therapies, 363–364,
364t
in early-stage disease, 360–361, 360f,
361t
Prognostication, molecular, 147–157. See
also Molecular prognostication
Prognostic indicators. See also specific cancers
host-related factors in, 437
molecular markers in, 437–438
in NSCLC
advanced, 438t
surgically resected, 438t
TNM system in, 437
treatment-related factors in, 437–438
tumor-related factors in, 437
Prognostic variables, 147
Programmed cell death, 569
Promoter hypermethylation, 61t, 66
Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). See
Cranial irradiation, prophylactic
Protein-based markers, in sputum, 269
Protein expression, 135. See also Proteomics
Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, 743
Protein kinases, 149, 739. See also specific
types
Protein kinase targets, 739, 740f
Proteins, 135
Proteomics, 135–144, 690
advantages and difficulties in, 140, 140t
aim of, 135
for early detection, 140–142
future directions of, 144
potential applications of, 135, 136f
for prognosis classification, 142–143, 142f
for prognostication, 155–156
for response to therapy, 143–144, 144f
serum, for anti-EGFR therapy response,
732
technologies of, 135–140
biomarker discovery approaches in,
138–139, 138f, 139f
biomarkers in, 137–138, 137t
complex protein mixture analysis in,
137
data analysis in, 139–140
mass spectrometer in, 136–137, 137f
sample preparation in, 135–136, 136t
Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
(PTR-MS), of VOCs in
exhaled breath, 269
Proto-oncogenes, 52, 84–87. See also specific
proto-oncogenes
activation of, 84, 276
EGFR, 84–85
ERBB2, 84, 85
ERBB3, 84, 85
ERBB4, 84, 85
MET overexpression, 64, 86
MYC gene family, 85–86
NKX2-I, 86
oncogene amnesia, 86–87
oncogenic addiction, 62, 86
PI3K–PTEN-AKT signaling pathway,
86, 739
RAS family, 85
therapeutic strategies and, 64, 86
tyrosine kinase receptors and EGFR
genes, 84–85
Pruritus, in SCLC, 348
PTK787/ZK222584 (valatinib)
for malignant mesothelioma, 955
plus radiotherapy, 198t, 199, 770
pTNM, 437
p53 tumor suppressor, 193
Pulmonary cytology. See Cytology, pulmonary
Pulmonary edema, postresection, 537, 538f
Pulmonary embolism/infarction, 253
Pulmonary hamartomas, 246, 253
p53 vaccine, 761t, 762
p21 WAF1/CIP1 , in molecular prognostication,
148
Q
Quitting smoking. See Smoking cessation
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