IASLC staging project, 441–447
additional prognostic factors
subcommittee of, 447
carcinoid tumors subcommittee of, 445,
447
geographical spread of data for, by
continent, 441, 442t
history and background on, 441–442
M descriptors subcommittee of, 443
N descriptors subcommittee of, 443
SCLC subcommittee of, 444
T descriptors subcommittee of, 442–443
7th ed. TNM stage grouping changes,
443, 444f, 445f, 446t, 447t
treatment modality data in, 441, 442t
validation and methodology
subcommittee of, 442
IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), 740
IGFR/PI3-kinase pathway, 739
IL-1_, in angiogenesis, 118
Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), 563
Imaging. See specific cancers and imaging
techniques
Imaging, of NSCLC, 369–396. See also
specific imaging modalities
computed tomography, 378–392 ( See also
Computed tomography [CT],
of NSCLC)
missed lung cancer, 369–373
alternative 2D/3D CT displays, 372, 372f
CAD for pulmonary nodules on CT,
371
computerized detection methods
(CAD), 369–370
ground-glass opacity on thin-section
CT, 370–371, 371f
malpractice and, 372–373
radiologic diagnosis for, 369
single-exposure, dual-energy digital
chest radiography, 370
morphologic appearance, 369
airspace disease, 369, 372f
large central masses, 369, 370f
large peripheral mass, 369
multiple nodules, 369, 371f
solitary pulmonary nodule, 369, 370f
MRI, 393–396
distant metastasis evaluation, 396
hilar and mediastinal lymph node
evaluation, 396
primary tumor evaluation, 393–396
chest wall invasion, 393–394, 393f,
394f
vs. CT, 393
mediastinal invasion, 394–396
superior sulcus tumors, 394, 395f
solitary pulmonary nodule, 373–378 ( See
also Solitary pulmonary nodule
[SPN], imaging of, for NSCLC)
Imatinib, for SCLC, 854–855, 855f
Immunity, adaptive, 174
Immunoassay, 135
Immunohistochemistry (IHC). See also
specific cancers
of adenocarcinoma, 245
of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 303
of bronchial dysplasia, 289–290
of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 305
of carcinoid tumor, 294t, 301
diagnostic
of invasive adenocarcinoma, 306, 306f
in small cell lung carcinoma, 298–299
of invasive adenocarcinoma, 308, 308f
of large cell lung carcinoma, 294t, 297
of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma,
294t, 301
of mesothelioma, 310
of squamous carcinoma, invasive, 294–295,
294t
of squamous cell carcinoma, 243
Immunotherapy. See also specific therapies
for SCLC, 855–856, 855t
Incidence, 288
gender on, 355, 355f
lung cancer, 3
Incidence screen protocol, for low-dose CT
screening, 238–239, 238t, 239t
In-depth proteomics analysis, 138–139, 139f
India ink, 242
Induction chemotherapy, for early-stage
NSCLC. See Neoadjuvant
chemotherapy, for early-stage
NSCLC
994 INDEX
Induction therapy, for stage IIIA/IIIB
NSCLC, 800–807
completed trials of surgery alone vs.
induction therapy plus surgery
in, for resectable cancer,
807–809, 808t
first-generation trials on
chemotherapy with/without
radiotherapy, 800, 801t
radiation only, 800
phase III trials of
chemoradiotherapy with/without
surgery, 810–812, 811t
third-generation chemoradiotherapy
agents, 812–813, 812t
phase II trials, ongoing and planned, 816
radiotherapy in, 809–810
second-generation phase II studies of
chemotherapy alone, 800–802, 801t
chemotherapy before surgery, 802–803,
802t
second-generation plus studies of
chemoradiotherapy in, for
stage IIIB, 803–804
second-generation trials on
factors predicting favorable outcome in,
804–805, 805t
mature survival data on, 804, 805t
third-generation phase II studies of, of
chemotherapy plus concurrent
hyperfractionated radiotherapy,
805–807, 806t
treatment-related morbidity/mortality in
combined modality trials of,
814–816
after 30-day postoperative period, 815
in 30-day postoperative period,
814–815
during induction therapy, 814
reducing radiotherapy morbidity in,
815–816
Infections, pulmonary
cytomegalovirus, 252
fungal, 251, 251f
mycobacterial, 251–252
parasitic (dirofilariasis), 252
Pneumocystic pneumoniae, 252
Inflammation
chronic
cancer and, 171
in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, 14–15
on lung cancer incidence, 14–15
granulomatous, 243
Inflammatory cells, in tumors, 171. See also
Microenvironment; specific cells
Inflammatory cytokines
for radiation sensitivity risk prediction,
628–629
in radiotherapy-related lung damage,
610–611
Inflammatory reactions, in adenocarcinomas
with bronchoalveolar features,
173
Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1
(IGFR-1), 739–740
Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1
(IGFR-1) inhibitors, 740
plus chemotherapy, for advanced NSCLC,
658t, 659
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), 739
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)
for malignant mesothelioma, 952
for radiotherapy risk reduction, 629–630,
630f
for stage IIIA/IIIB lung cancer, 584–585
treatment planning for, 557, 557f
Intentional limited resection, 460–461
Intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1)
for radiation sensitivity risk prediction, 629
in radiotherapy-related lung damage,
611–612
Intercellular adhesion molecule 2
(ICAM-2), 123–124
Intercellular bridges, 292
Interferon _, for radiotherapy risk
reduction, 632
Interleukin
for radiation sensitivity risk prediction,
628–629
in radiotherapy-related lung damage,
610–611
Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8), 125t, 126
in molecular prognostication, 149
for radiation sensitivity risk prediction,
628–629
as Ras signaling target, 173
Intermediate-dose spillage, 593
Internal margin (IM), 552
Internal target volume (ITV), in stereotactic
body radiotherapy, 593
International patterns, of lung cancer
incidence, 5–6
International Staging System (ISS), 437–450
history and value of, 437
IASLC lung cancer staging project on,
441–447 ( See also IASLC lung
cancer staging project)
TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours,
7th proposals in ( See TNM
Classification of Malignant
Tumours, 7th ed.)
TNM system in, 437–441 ( See also
IASLC staging project)
administration of, 438
aims of, 438
definitions in, 437
history of, 439–440
need for change in, 440–441
Interstitial fibrosis, 605
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), from gefitinib
and erlotinib, 719–720
Intra-abdominal lymph node metastases, of
NSCLC, 332
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis
(ISCM), 923–924
Intraoperative surgical staging, 433
Intussusceptive microvascular growth, 118
Inverse planning, 557
Involved-field nodal radiotherapy, for
stage III NSCLC, 581, 582f,
582t
Ionizing radiation, on cell cycle signaling,
189–191, 190f, 191f
Irinotecan
for advanced NSCLC, 646–647, 647t, 648t
for limited-stage SCLC, 876
plus radiotherapy, for limited-stage SCLC,
876
for SCLC, 847, 848t
Irinotecan-cisplatin, for recurrent/refractory
NSCLC, 674, 675t
Irinotecan-docetaxel, for recurrent/refractory
NSCLC, 674, 675t
Irinotecan-gemcitabine, for recurrent/
refractory NSCLC, 674–675,
675t
Irradiated lung volume, on radiotherapyrelated
lung damage, 615
Irradiation, prophylactic cranial, in NSCLC.
See Cranial irradiation,
prophylactic, for NSCLC
Isodoses, 556
J
Juxtacrine stimulation, 609
K
Karyotyping, 75
Karyotyping, spectral (SKY), 75–76, 76f,
78, 78f
Keratin pearls (KP), 292, 293f
Kilovoltage (kV) x-ray tubes, 562f, 563
Kinases
cytoplasmic nonreceptor, 739
protein ( See Protein kinases)
KL-6
for radiation sensitivity risk prediction, 629
in radiotherapy-related lung damage, 611
Knudson hypothesis, 81
K- ras, in molecular prognostication, 147
K- ras LA2 mice crosses, 184, 185f
K- ras mutations, 60t, 62, 64, 85, 276
anti-EGFR therapy and, 732
in determining EGFR-dependent/
independent pathway to block,
769
in genetic mouse models of lung cancer,
183–184, 184t, 185f
in invasive adenocarcinoma, 306–307
lung cancer incidence of, 173
neutrophils and, 173
INDEX 995
K- ras polymorphism, in A/J mice, 180
Kulchitsky cell, 973
L
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
(LEMS), in SCLC, 347
Large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC)
cytology of, 297
fine-needle aspiration cytology in, 249
histology of, 296, 296f
immunohistochemistry of, 294t, 297
overview of, 296
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC)
cytology of, 301
fine-needle aspiration cytology of, 249
immunochemistry of, 294t, 301
molecular and cellular pathology of,
300–302, 300f
Laser therapy, ablational, 897
Late effect, 592
Late-responding normal tissue, 613
Laws
smoke-free, 213
youth access, 212
L-BLP-25 liposomal vaccine, 755t, 756t,
757–758
LC-MS/MS
for in-depth proteomic analysis, 138–139
for prognosis classification, 143, 143f
Left upper lobe (LUL) tumors, 431–432
Length bias, 227
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, 918–919,
919t
Lethal–potentially lethal (LPL) model, 591
Leukocytosis, in NSCLC, 336
Lidocaine, for cough in NSCLC, 328
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, lung cancer risk with,
50–51
Limited resection, 459–463
cell type in, 462
intentional, 460–461
for intralobar satellite tumors, 461–462
for nodal metastases, 462
for Pancoast tumors, 487
studies on, 459–460, 460t
surgical margins in, 462–463
tumor location in, 461
tumor size in, 461
Limited-stage SCLC (LSCLC), 867
demographics of patients with, 876
multimodality therapy for, 867–878
evolution of, 868–874
combination chemotherapy with
adjuvant thoracic radiation,
869–870
integrated early concurrent
chemotherapy and radiotherapy,
870–873, 872t
prophylactic cranial irradiation
addition, 873–874
surgery as standard treatment,
868–869
thoracic irradiation better than
surgery, 869
thoracic irradiation with adjuvant
chemotherapy, 869
future research on, 876–877, 877t
thoracic radiotherapy volume and dose
in, 874–876, 875f
Lineage-dependent oncogenes, 64–65
Linear accelerator, 562–563, 562f
Linear-quadratic (LQ) model, 591
Linear quadripole ion trap (LTQ), 137
Linear quadripole ion trap (LTQ) tandem
mass spectrometer, 137
Linkage analysis, 52–53, 53f
Lipoid pneumonia, 253
Liquid chromatography-multiple reaction
monitoring MS (LC-MS/MS)
for in-depth proteomic analysis, 138–139
for prognosis classification, 143, 143f
Liver metastases, of NSCLC, 332
LKB1. See STK11 (LKB1)
Lobar torsion, postoperative, 535
Lobectomy
for NSCLC stage II, 477
vs. pneumonectomy, CT for prediction of,
383, 383f
vs. segmentectomy
JCOG0802 trial on, 464, 464t
for small-sized lung cancer with GGO,
471
vs. sublobar resection, CALGB trial on,
463–464, 464t
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), 47, 65, 276
Low-dose CT screening, 233–239. See also
Computed tomography (CT)
screening, low-dose
Low–linear energy transfer radiation (LET),
570
L523S vaccine, 755t, 756t, 757
Lucanix, 754, 755t, 756t
Luciferase, for tumor identification, 182
Luminal fibrosis, 606
Lung access, difficulties in, 265
Lung cancer staging. See Staging; specific
cancers and systems
Lung damage, radiotherapy-related. See
Radiotherapy-related lung
damage
Lung fibroblasts, ex vivo, in radiation
sensitivity risk prediction, 627
Lung-field carcinogenesis. See
Carcinogenesis, lung field
Lung metagene model, 786–787
Lung tissue–based molecular assays, for early
detection, 266
Lung volume irradiated, on radiotherapyrelated
lung damage, 615
Lyman NTCP model, 622–624, 623f
Lymphangiogenic switch, 127
Lymphangitic spread, in NSCLC, 331–332
Lymphatic spread, radiotherapy volume
and, 551
Lymph node evaluation. See Hilar and
mediastinal lymph node
evaluation, CT
Lymph node metastases, intra-abdominal, of
NSCLC, 332
Lymph nodes, mediastinal, normal-sized,
426
Lymphoma, primary mediastinal, 967–968,
967t
Lysophospholipid signaling pathway, as
vascular target for radiotherapy,
200
M
Macrophage-derived methalloelastase, 122
Macrophages
in angiogenesis, 118, 172–173
in lung cancer, 172–173
tumor-associated, 118, 172–173
MAGE genes, in microarray experiments,
296
MAGE-3 vaccine, 755t, 756t, 759–760
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
HASTE, of solitary pulmonary nodule,
377
in-room imaging for radiotherapy, 563
of NSCLC, 393–396
for distant metastasis evaluation, 396
for hilar and mediastinal lymph node
evaluation, 396
for primary tumor evaluation, 393–396
chest wall invasion, 393–394, 393f,
394f
vs. CT, 393
mediastinal invasion, 394–396
superior sulcus tumors, 394, 395f
MALDI MS
for early detection, 140–142, 141f
profiling with, 138, 138f
for prognosis classification, 142–143, 142f
MALDI TOF MS profiling, 138
Malignant mesothelioma (MM), 945–956
animal models of, 947
clinical presentation and course of, 949
diagnostic process for, 950–951
epidemiology of, 945
future directions in, 955–956
global transcriptional profiling in, 947
imaging of, 949–950
immunobiology of, 947
molecular lesions in
chromosomal abnormalities, 946
oncogenes, 946
tumor suppressor genes, 946–947
pathogenesis of
etiological agents in, 945–946
in mesothelial tissues, 945
996 INDEX
pathology of, 948–949, 948f
prognostic factors in, 951
staging of, 951
treatment of, 951–955
multimodality therapy in, 952–953
novel agents in, 954–955
overview of, 951–952
radiotherapy in, 952
surgery in, 952
systemic therapy in, 953–954, 953f
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE). See
Pleural effusion, malignant
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
inhibitors, 740–741
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
inhibitors plus radiotherapy, on
cell cycle, 194t, 196–197
Marimastat, for SCLC, 855, 855t
Maspin, in molecular prognostication, 150
Mass analyzers, 136
Mass spectrometry
electron transfer dissociation (ETD),
136–137
Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance
(FTICR), 137
gas chromatography–coupled, of VOCs in
exhaled breath, 269–270
linear quadripole ion trap (LTQ) in, 137
linear quadripole ion trap (LTQ) tandem,
137
liquid chromatography-multiple reaction
monitoring (LC-MS/MS)
for in-depth proteomic analysis, 138–139
for prognosis classification, 143, 143f
MALDI MS
for early detection, 140–142, 141f
profiling with, 138, 138f
for prognosis classification, 142–143,
142f
mass analyzers for, 136
principles of, 136–137, 136f, 137f
proteomic, for prognostication, 155–156
in proteomics, 136–137, 137f
proton transfer reaction, of VOCs in
exhaled breath, 269
tandem, 136, 137f
Mast cells
in angiogenesis, 118
in lung cancer, 173–174
Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization
(MALDI). See MALDI
Matrix CGH, 76
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, 175
for SCLC, 855, 855t
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), 171
in angiogenesis and invasion, 175
in molecular prognostication, 149–150
plus chemotherapy, for advanced NSCLC,
658–659, 658t
Maximum heterogeneity lod (HLOD), 53, 53f
Maximum intensity projection (MIP),
for NSCLC, 372
MDM2 gene, 81
Mechanotaxis, 116
Media campaigns, antismoking, 213
Median sternotomy, 965
Mediastinal invasion evaluation
CT for, 370f, 381–383, 381f–382f
MRI for, in NSCLC, 394–396
Mediastinal lymph node (MLN)
dissection of, for NSCLC stage II,
478–479
evaluation of ( See also Hilar and
mediastinal lymph node
evaluation, CT)
in NSCLC
CT for, 380f, 386–390, 386f–388f,
389t
MRI for, 396
staging of
bronchoscopy for, 417, 418f
FDG-PET for, 417
recent issues in, 419–421, 419f, 419t
Mediastinal mass
anterior, 964
differential diagnosis of, 961, 962t
Mediastinal tumors, 961. See also specific
types
Mediastinal tumors, not of thymic origin,
961–969
biopsy of, 964
clinical presentation of
anterior mediastinal mass, 964
benign teratomas, 964, 964f
germ cell tumors, 964
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors,
965
seminomas, 964–965
imaging of
octreotide in, 963
PET in, 963, 963f
radiology in, 962–963
sestamibi and galliums scans in, 963
lymphoma, 967–968, 967t
paravertebral tumors, neurogenic, 968–969,
969f
signs and symptoms of, 961, 962t, 963t
surgical approach to, 965–967, 966f, 967f
tumor markers for, 963–964
visceral compartment masses
bronchogenic cysts, 968
enterogenous cysts, 968, 968f
pericardial cysts, 968, 968f
Mediastinoscopy, 426–428
history of, 426
morbidity and mortality with, 426
node groups biopsied with, 426–427
sensitivity and specificity of, 427, 428t
for stage II NSCLC evaluation and
staging, 475
surgical staging quality with, 427–428
Mediastinum
compartments of, 961, 962f
definition of, 961
Mediastinum evaluation
nonsurgical invasive techniques for,
429–430, 430t
surgical, 425–433
algorithm for confirmation of stage in,
430, 431t
alternatives to, 425
definitions in, 426
integration of invasive staging
techniques in, 431t, 432
intraoperative, 433
left upper lobe tumors and
aortopulmonary window nodes
in, 431–432
mediastinoscopy in, 426–428 ( See also
Mediastinoscopy)
need for, 430–431, 431t
need for, lack of, 427f, 430, 431t
normal-sized lymph nodes in, 426
radiographic categories of lung cancer
patients in, 426, 427f
role of, 425
scope in, 426
staging with, 425
thoracoscopy in, 429, 430t
transcervical mediastinal lymphadenectomy
in, 429, 430t
video-assisted mediastinal lymphadenectomy
in, 429, 430t
videomediastinoscopy in, 429, 430t
Mega-electron volts (MV), 556, 562
Megakaryocytes, pulmonary, 253–254
MEK, 744
MEK inhibitors, 744
Melanoma-associated antigen E-3
(MAGE-3) vaccine, 755t,
756t, 759–760
Men. See also Gender-related differences
lung cancer in, 3–4, 4f
lung cancer mortality in, 6
smoking in, 5–6
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor
(c-MET), 64, 86, 739, 743–744
Mesothelial cell proliferations, pulmonary,
253
Mesothelin, in malignant mesothelioma,
950, 950f
Mesothelioma
asbestos-related, 10, 35, 309
molecular and cellular pathology of,
309–311, 309f
Metabolomics, in blood, 267
Metagenes, 153
Metaphase CGH (mCGH), 76
Metastases. See also specific cancers and
metastases
cancer stem cells in, 167
distant, in NSCLC, MRI for, 396
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) (continued )
INDEX 997
SDF-1/chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)
in, 167–168
surgical management of, 503–505
adrenal, 504–505
brain, 503–504, 503t
skeletal, 505
small bowel, 505
Metastatic spinal cord compression
(MSCC), 920–923
clinical presentation, diagnosis, and
prognosis with, 920–921
corticosteroids for, 921
incidence of, 920
pathophysiology of, 920
radiotherapy for, 921–922
studies of treatment of, 923, 923t
surgery for, 922–923
Methalloelastase, macrophage-derived, 122
Methotrexate, for malignant mesothelioma, 953
Methylation. See DNA methylation
MET proto-oncogene amplification, 64, 86
M-factor, 407, 408
MGMT
DNA methylation of, 95–96
hypermethylation of, 104
Microbubbles, after radiofrequency ablation,
518
Microenvironment, 171–175
adaptive immunity in, 174
angiogenesis and, 171–172
clinical implications of, 174–175
composition of, 171
dendritic cells in, 174
fibroblasts in, 172
macrophages in, 172–173
mast cells in, 173–174
neutrophils in, 173
Micrometastatic disease, molecular and
cellular pathology of, 311–313
Micronutrients, as chemoprevention, 14
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 66, 87–88
definition of, 156
in hypomethylation, 97
for prognostication, 156–157
Microtubule-stabilizing agents, plus
radiotherapy on cell cycle,
194t, 195–196
Microvessel density (MVD), 114–115, 124
Microwave (MW) ablation, for NSCLC. See
also Percutaneous image-guided
ablation
clinical results of, 513–514
mechanism of, 510
technique of, 511–512
Mineral oil, lung cancer from, 37–38
Minimally invasive surgical management
results of, 218–219
video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy
in, 455–458 ( See also Videoassisted
thoracic surgery
[VATS] lobectomy)
miR-29 hypermethylation, 106
18F-Misonidazole, 126
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
pathway
agents targeting, 576
in tumor cell repopulation after radiotherapy,
575
Mitoxantrone, proteins associated with
resistance to, 143
Mixed histology tumors
adenocarcinoma, 304, 468
SCLC and NSCLC, molecular and
cellular pathology of, 299–300
surgical management of, with SCLC, 524
MLH1 gene deregulation, 83–84
MLN8054, 745
MMPs, 118–119
Molecular assays, lung tissue–based, 266
Molecular biology, 59–69
angiogenic switch in, 113–128 ( See also
Angiogenic switch)
DNA damage in, 62
epidemiology and susceptibility in, 62
epigenetic changes in, 95–107 ( See also
Epigenetic changes)
epigenetic regulation in, 65–66
gene mutations in, 47, 60t, 62
general principles of, 59
genetic alterations in, 59, 60t–61t
genomic alterations in, 75–88 ( See also
Genomic alterations; specific
alterations )
genomic instability in, 62
growth inhibitory pathways in, 65
growth stimulatory pathways in, 60t,
62–65, 63f
epidermal growth factor receptor
signaling, 62–64, 63f
PI3K/AKT pathway, 63f, 64
RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK/MYC
pathway, 63f, 64
Hedgehog (HH), Wnt, and Notch
signaling pathways in, 66, 68f
human papillomavirus in, 66–67
microRNA-mediated regulation in, 66
molecular prognostication in, 147–157
( See also Molecular
prognostication)
oncogenes in, 60t, 62
EML4-ALK fusion proteins, 65
NKX2-1 (TITF1), 64–65
single nucleotide polymorphisms in, 62
stem cells in, 66
telomeres in, 61t, 62
tumor suppressor genes in, 65
Molecular carcinogenesis
lung field, 275–280 ( See also
Carcinogenesis, lung field)
principles of, 275–276
Molecular cytogenetic strategies, 75–76,
76f
Molecular pathology
of small cell lung carcinoma, 295t, 299
of squamous carcinoma, 295–296
Molecular phenotypes, in blood, 267
Molecular prognostication, 147–157
clinical potential of, 157
epigenetic silencing and gene methylation
in, 154–155
future directions of, 157
gene expression arrays in, 150–154
lung cancer heterogeneity in, 150–152
overview and principles of, 150
prognostic accuracy of, 152–153
reproducibility of data in, 153–154
history of, 147
individual gene alterations and patient
survival in, 147–150
angiogenesis and growth factors, 149
cell cycle regulation
cyclins, p21 WAF1/CIP1 , and p27,
148–149
Rb and p16, 148
K- ras, 147
matrix metalloproteinase family,
149–150
p53, 147–148
protein kinases: EGFR and ErbB2/
HER2/neu, 149
microRNAs in, 156–157
proteomic analysis and, 155–156
Molecular staging, 313
Molecular targeted agents, 576
Monitor unit (MU), 556
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), 715. See
also Cetuximab; specific agents
Monocytes, in angiogenesis, 118
Monte Carlo (SM) dose calculation, 558
Montgomery T tube, 894, 894f
Montgomery tube, 894, 894f
Morphology. See also specific cancers
of NSCLC on imaging, 369, 370f–372f
Mortality, lung cancer, 3. See also specific
cancers; specific treatments
cigarette smoking on, 25, 25f–27f
screening on, 227–228
smoking cessation on, 214
Motesanib, 708
Mouse models, lung cancer, 179–186
chemically induced, 179–181
examples of, 179, 180f
genetic, 183–186, 184t, 185f
need for, 179
orthotopic, 181–183, 182f
M phase, 572
MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
mRNA expression, 787
MSP, of DNA methylation in sputum, 269
mTOR, 740–741
mTOR inhibitors, 741
mTOR inhibitors plus radiotherapy, on cell
cycle, 194t, 196–197
998 INDEX
Mucocutaneous syndromes, in NSCLC,
334t, 336, 336t
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, fine-needle
aspiration cytology of, 250
Multidetector CT (MDCT), for NSCLC,
371
Multikinase inhibitors, 128
Multileaf collimator (MLC), 556
Multimodality bronchoscopic diagnosis, for
early detection, 262
Multimodality therapy. See specific cancers;
specific therapies
Multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs),
499. See also Synchronous
pulmonary tumors
diagnostic criteria for, 499, 500t
incidence of, 499, 500t
Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization
(M-FISH), 75, 78
Mural fibrosis, 606
Musculoskeletal paraneoplastic syndromes
in NSCLC, 334t, 336
in SCLC, 346t, 348
Mutagen sensitivity, 267
Mutations, gene, 47, 60t, 62. See also specific
cancers and genes
MYC gene family, 85–86
Mycobacterial infections, pulmonary,
251–252
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, 171
Myocardial infarction, perioperative, 541–542
Myotonia, in SCLC, 347
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